Recommendations

Project	Type	#	Outcome	Report	Year
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		4.1	Improve feeding conditions. 4.1.1. Systematically identify important feeding grounds throughout the year. 4.1.2. Identify and quantify diet during breeding and non-breeding season. 4.1.3. Conduct comprehensive, multidisciplinary studies of environmental drivers in wintering grounds (climate and food availability). 4.1.4. Assess the direct and indirect effects of fisheries on kittiwakes.	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group	Action	4.3	Commercial activities: 8. Identify eiders populations and habitats at risk from oil pollution, 9. Reduce eider mortality caused by commercial fisheries activities.	Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	1997
CBird: Seabird Expert Group	Action	3.5	Communications and consultation: 18. Determine appropriate communication approaches and produce materials to deliver specific messages. 19. Emphasize communication to operators of ships at sea, the fishing industry and tour boat operators. 20. Produce educational materials aimed specifically at children. 21. Issue joint scientific reports of activities relating to murre conservation.	International Murre Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	1996
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		2.3	Limit human disturbance to a level that does not decrease breeding success. 2.3.1. Identify significant risks of disturbance activities and sensitive locations. 2.3.2. Develop guidelines (codes-of-conduct) for potentially harmful organized activities near colonies e.g. tourism, research (all fields), harvest, air- and ship traffic as well as individual activities such as kayaking, fishing etc. 2.3.3. Introduce area restrictions for high risk activities and promote regulations in adequate formats. 2.3.4. Improve and standardize methods for Environmental Impact Assessments. 2.3.5. Increase the knowledge on impacts of marine installations on seabirds (noise, light, pollution etc.). 2.3.6. Execute spatial planning and environmental assessments taking seabird management priorities into account. 2.3.7. Create no-conflict artificial nesting sites in locations where kittiwakes have moved into human settlements.	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group			Coordination and consultation Objective Ensure proper coordination with existing programs that affect Ivory Gulls, and encourage awareness of this Ivory Gull Strategy and broad participation in its implementation. Actions • Support other international and national Ivory Gull conservation initiatives. • Review existing programs and plans that affect Ivory Gulls to assure proper coordination as plans develop to implement the Strategy. • Enlist the support of people and groups that are interested in Ivory Gulls; especially local northern residents. • Solicit evaluation of actions carried out under the Strategy by specialists in Ivory Gull biology and other relevant disciplines. • Prepare periodic reports summarizing the status of Ivory Gull populations and accomplishments in Ivory Gull conservation. • Ensure that Ivory Gull conservation projects include an educational component.	International Ivory Gull Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2008
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		1.6	Increase understanding of impacts of harmful algal blooms (HABs), either through kittiwake food or direct contact with toxins associated with HABs. 1.6.1. Establish monitoring practices to track presence of HABs in marine environments and prey used by kittiwake. Conduct tests to determine dose levels of HABs toxins that affect kittiwake behavior or health, using proxy species where applicable. Work to reduce sources of HABs, such as nearshore development or discharge.	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		4.3	Increase knowledge about the effects of climate change and, if possible, reduce the impact. 4.3.1. Increase research efforts considering climate change and its effect on survival and reproduction rates (seawater acidification, increased water temperatures, increased frequency of storms etc.) 4.3.2. Increase research into the effect of diseases and parasites. 4.3.3. Compensate climate change impact by reducing the effect of other negative drivers	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group	Action	4.5	Communication and consultation: 14. Support other eider conservation initiatives, 15. Ensure coordination with other bird conservation plans, 16. Enlist support of local residents and others interested in eiders, 17. Solicit periodic evaluation of the Strategy by eider specialists, 18. Prepare periodic reports summarizing accomplishments in eider conservation, 19. Ensure that eider conservation projects include an educational component.	Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	1997
CBird: Seabird Expert Group	Action	4.1	Priorities: 1. Give high priority to actions addressing significant levels of murre mortality 2. Give high priority to habitat protection for key colonies and foraging areas. 3. Give additional priority to research and monitoring needed to address murre conservation issues. 4. Give additional priority to actions supporting obligations of treaties and agreements.	International Murre Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	1996
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		2.5	Reduce anthropogenic influence reinforcing the negative consequences of climate change.2.5.1. Regulate fisheries in key feeding areas must be regulated (see 2.4.1.) as alteration in food availability and quality due to climate change and increasing sea-surface temperatures emphasize the importance of minimizing anthropogenic influence.	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group	Advice		Setting priorities Guidelines Identify which actions are already being addressed, which actions deserve highest priority for new work, and which of these high priority actions require international collaboration. Give high priority to actions likely to reveal the causes of Ivory Gull declines or to reverse such declines. Among new work to be initiated under the Strategy, give high priority to helping establish international, national, or regional Ivory Gull monitoring programs.	International Ivory Gull Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2008
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		1.8	Minimize adverse effects ofhuman activities. 1.8.1. Evaluate effects of detrimental human activity on kittiwakes and prepare guidelines to industry operations to minimize their impacts on kittiwakes.	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		4.5	Determine predation rates and the best mitigation measures to reduce the impact. 4.5.1. Investigate the magnitude and effect of predation at population level.	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group	Action	5.1	Priorities: 1. Identify and prioritize actions, 2. Emphasize causes of eider declines, 3. Establish international, national and regional eider monitoring programs	Circumpolar Eider Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	1997
CBird: Seabird Expert Group	Action	4.3	Reporting 8. Report annually to CAFF on each nation's progress in implementing this action plan. 9. Meet regularly to revise objectives and actions on the basis of shared information.	International Murre Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	1996
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		1.1	Ensure sustainable harvest. 1.1.1. Regulate hunting/harvest of adults to ensure sustainable outtake, and to implement hunting/harvest moratorium for populations in decline. 1.1.2. Reduce bycatch in hunting and accidental harvest. 1.1.3. Monitor harvest of kittiwakes and conduct surveys to assess the impact on populations.	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group		3.1	Secure breeding cliffs from erosion and sea level rise. 3.1.1. Create alternative breeding sites for kittiwakes where breeding cliffs are threatened by erosion. This might also benefit kittiwakes in terms of reduction of predation and/or human conflicts.	International Black-legged Kittiwake - Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2021
CBird: Seabird Expert Group	Advice		Reporting Guidelines Provide appropriate opportunities for communication between those involved in carrying out the Strategy. Report annually to CAFF summarizing actions taken or planned under the Strategy.	International Ivory Gull Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	2008
CBird: Seabird Expert Group	Action	3.2	Non-consumptive use: 5. Ensure that non-consumptive uses of murres are sustainable. 6. Implement management plans for areas of eco-tourism activity. 7. Implement standard guidelines to minimize the impact of disturbance at murre colonies	International Murre Conservation Strategy and Action Plan	1996
CBMP Freshwater Biodiversity Monitoring	Key finding		In countries where routine government monitoring is limited or does not occur, data must come from other sources (e.g., academic research), where unsecure funding often leads to single-event sampling, meaning that change over time cannot be examined.	State of the Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity: Key Findings and Advice for Monitoring	2016