Recommendations

Project	Type	#	Outcome	Report	Year
CBMP Terrestrial Biodiversity Monitoring	Key finding		“Black” geese (Branta) number c. 13.7 million individuals of 27 populations from 5 species, of which 19 populations show stable or increasing trends over the last 10 years.	A Global Audit of the Status and Trends of Arctic And Northern Hemisphere Goose Populations	2018
CBMP Terrestrial Biodiversity Monitoring	Key finding		“Grey” geese (Anser) comprise 35 populations of 8.1-8.4 million individuals, of which 15 have declined in the last 10 years, especially in East Asia.	A Global Audit of the Status and Trends of Arctic And Northern Hemisphere Goose Populations	2018
CBMP Terrestrial Biodiversity Monitoring	Key finding		Most estimates derive from total counts of all individuals, 8 populations combine some form of capture-mark-recapture approach (almost exclusively in North America) but 15 populations are based upon expert opinion, mostly in East and Central Asia. Less than half of the estimates for all populations were thought to fall within 10% of the true totals.	A Global Audit of the Status and Trends of Arctic And Northern Hemisphere Goose Populations	2018
CBMP Terrestrial Biodiversity Monitoring	Key finding		Most populations showed increasing or stable trends over the last 10 years, but our ability to truly judge these trends is highly variable among populations.	A Global Audit of the Status and Trends of Arctic And Northern Hemisphere Goose Populations	2018
CBMP Terrestrial Biodiversity Monitoring	Key finding		In North America, population estimates are good; trends are generally of the best quality and most populations are increasing or stable.	A Global Audit of the Status and Trends of Arctic And Northern Hemisphere Goose Populations	2018
CBMP Terrestrial Biodiversity Monitoring	Key finding		Most European populations are increasing or stable, yet several populations lack effective count coordination networks to generate annual assessments of total population size and trends.	A Global Audit of the Status and Trends of Arctic And Northern Hemisphere Goose Populations	2018
CBMP Terrestrial Biodiversity Monitoring	Key finding		In Central and Eastern Asia, where the greatest declines are suspected, good population estimates and count data series over sufficient long time horizons to offer a robust basis for generating trends are generally lacking, with the notable exception of excellent count data from Korea and Japan. However, the situation is rapidly improving in China, where count networks and coordination with flyway partners are being established.	A Global Audit of the Status and Trends of Arctic And Northern Hemisphere Goose Populations	2018
CBMP Terrestrial Biodiversity Monitoring	Key finding		Many populations with the poorest population information are those which we suspect are showing the greatest declines.	A Global Audit of the Status and Trends of Arctic And Northern Hemisphere Goose Populations	2018
CBMP Terrestrial Biodiversity Monitoring	Key finding		The most urgent priorities for the future are to (i) improve our knowledge of population distributions to better inform our definitions of discrete flyway populations; (ii) implement effective mechanisms to at least periodically measure abundance for all northern hemisphere goose populations to assess trends over time; (iii) initiate research to identify factors responsible for declining trends in populations of concern, and (iv) evaluate potential negative effects of overabundant goose populations on habitat and sympatric species.	A Global Audit of the Status and Trends of Arctic And Northern Hemisphere Goose Populations	2018
CBMP Terrestrial Biodiversity Monitoring	Key finding		To interpret changes in population size, there is an increasing need to understand whether these are due to shifts in range, changes in reproductive success or changes in annual survival.	A Global Audit of the Status and Trends of Arctic And Northern Hemisphere Goose Populations	2018
CBMP Terrestrial Biodiversity Monitoring	Key finding		For this reason we urge wider gathering of age ratio data, and marking programmes to provide annual assessments of reproductive success and survival, particularly amongst populations showing declines.	A Global Audit of the Status and Trends of Arctic And Northern Hemisphere Goose Populations	2018
CBMP Terrestrial Biodiversity Monitoring	Key finding		There is a very clear need to establish or expand annual reporting on population size and demographic trends to make such information accessible to decision makers and stakeholders in a timely fashion.	A Global Audit of the Status and Trends of Arctic And Northern Hemisphere Goose Populations	2018
	Key finding	1	Partnerships that engage indigenous communities, scientists and other organizations in the co-production of knowledge are essential in understanding environmental change and effects on indigenous communities. This knowledge can contribute to more relevant decision-making.	Project Summary: Bering Sea Sub-Network II	2015
	Key finding	2	Research efforts relevant to indigenous communities should establish partnerships with them and contribute to building their capacity, for example by hiring local residents, and providing training and equipment	Project Summary: Bering Sea Sub-Network II	2015
	Key finding	3	Observations from those spending much time on the land and sea are necessary in not only understanding local environmental change but also in understanding the effects of environmental changes on human well-being and traditional practices	Project Summary: Bering Sea Sub-Network II	2015
	Key finding	4	Different environmental changes are occurring within different cultural contexts creating diverse impacts; as such adaptive actions need to be based on local realities and priorities	Project Summary: Bering Sea Sub-Network II	2015
	Key finding	5	Environmental changes are generally, but not always, resulting in negative effects to traditional harvests with impacts to food and cultural security	Project Summary: Bering Sea Sub-Network II	2015
	Key finding	6	Regulations that impact communities ought to be flexible to allow for adaptation to change and ought to include meaningful local voice through instruments such as co-management to support the food security and sovereignty of indigenous communities	Project Summary: Bering Sea Sub-Network II	2015
	Key finding	7	Community observations from local and traditional experts have much untapped potential as ‘early warning systems’	Project Summary: Bering Sea Sub-Network II	2015
CBMP Freshwater Biodiversity Monitoring	Key finding		Temperature is the overriding and predominant driver for most FECs, but climate, geographical connectivity, geology, and smaller-scale environmental parameters such as water chemistry are all key drivers of Arctic freshwater biodiversity.	State of the Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity: Key Findings and Advice for Monitoring	2016