Key challenges and solutions to mainstreaming biodiversity in Arctic mining operations:

• Building trust and coordination within and among permitting agencies, the mining industry; and the public, especially Indigenous communities;

• Strengthening mutually beneficial partnerships with communities impacted by mining operations;

• Enhancing alignment among government agencies regarding environmental permitting, particularly environmental review requirements;

• Reaching agreements on data (e.g. cultural and ecological indicators of change) collection, management, and sharing of information;

• Establishing clear processes for engaging Indigenous Peoples and utilizing Indigenous Knowledge; and

• Developing a system that is acceptable, predictable and measurable for both industry, stakeholders and authorities to manage ecological compensation.